Cook the noodles according to the package directions, stopping as soon as they are tender but still slightly firm. Reserve at least ½ cup noodle water, then drain.
While the noodles cook, whisk peanut butter, soy sauce, lime juice, maple syrup, sriracha, garlic, ginger, and hot water until smooth and pourable.
If the sauce looks too thick to pour easily, whisk in additional hot water 1 tablespoon at a time.
Toss the hot noodles with the peanut sauce, adding a little reserved noodle water until the noodles are glossy and evenly coated.
Add edamame and shredded cabbage. Toss again.
Finish with green onions, sesame seeds, chopped peanuts, and cilantro.
Serve immediately, or cool and refrigerate promptly for meal prep.